This version is still in development and is not considered stable yet. For the latest stable version, please use Spring Framework 6.0.25!

Expressions in Bean Definitions

You can use SpEL expressions with XML-based or annotation-based configuration metadata for defining BeanDefinition instances. In both cases, the syntax to define the expression is of the form #{ <expression string> }.

XML Configuration

A property or constructor argument value can be set by using expressions, as the following example shows:

<bean id="numberGuess" class="org.spring.samples.NumberGuess">
	<property name="randomNumber" value="#{ T(java.lang.Math).random() * 100.0 }"/>

	<!-- other properties -->
</bean>

All beans in the application context are available as predefined variables with their common bean name. This includes standard context beans such as environment (of type org.springframework.core.env.Environment) as well as systemProperties and systemEnvironment (of type Map<String, Object>) for access to the runtime environment.

The following example shows access to the systemProperties bean as a SpEL variable:

<bean id="taxCalculator" class="org.spring.samples.TaxCalculator">
	<property name="defaultLocale" value="#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }"/>

	<!-- other properties -->
</bean>

Note that you do not have to prefix the predefined variable with the # symbol here.

You can also refer to other bean properties by name, as the following example shows:

<bean id="numberGuess" class="org.spring.samples.NumberGuess">
	<property name="randomNumber" value="#{ T(java.lang.Math).random() * 100.0 }"/>

	<!-- other properties -->
</bean>

<bean id="shapeGuess" class="org.spring.samples.ShapeGuess">
	<property name="initialShapeSeed" value="#{ numberGuess.randomNumber }"/>

	<!-- other properties -->
</bean>

Annotation Configuration

To specify a default value, you can place the @Value annotation on fields, methods, and method or constructor parameters.

The following example sets the default value of a field:

Java
Kotlin

public class FieldValueTestBean {

	@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }")
	private String defaultLocale;

	public void setDefaultLocale(String defaultLocale) {
		this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale;
	}

	public String getDefaultLocale() {
		return this.defaultLocale;
	}
}

class FieldValueTestBean {

	@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }")
	var defaultLocale: String? = null
}

The following example shows the equivalent but on a property setter method:

Java
Kotlin

public class PropertyValueTestBean {

	private String defaultLocale;

	@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }")
	public void setDefaultLocale(String defaultLocale) {
		this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale;
	}

	public String getDefaultLocale() {
		return this.defaultLocale;
	}
}

class PropertyValueTestBean {

	@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }")
	var defaultLocale: String? = null
}

Autowired methods and constructors can also use the @Value annotation, as the following examples show:

Java
Kotlin

public class SimpleMovieLister {

	private MovieFinder movieFinder;
	private String defaultLocale;

	@Autowired
	public void configure(MovieFinder movieFinder,
			@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }") String defaultLocale) {
		this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
		this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale;
	}

	// ...
}

class SimpleMovieLister {

	private lateinit var movieFinder: MovieFinder
	private lateinit var defaultLocale: String

	@Autowired
	fun configure(movieFinder: MovieFinder,
				@Value("#{ systemProperties['user.region'] }") defaultLocale: String) {
		this.movieFinder = movieFinder
		this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale
	}

	// ...
}

Java
Kotlin

public class MovieRecommender {

	private String defaultLocale;

	private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao;

	public MovieRecommender(CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao,
			@Value("#{systemProperties['user.country']}") String defaultLocale) {
		this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao;
		this.defaultLocale = defaultLocale;
	}

	// ...
}

class MovieRecommender(private val customerPreferenceDao: CustomerPreferenceDao,
			@Value("#{systemProperties['user.country']}") private val defaultLocale: String) {
	// ...
}